Gender Essay Topics Options

Gender Essay Topics Options Gender Essay Topics Secrets Free Gender Discrimination essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. It's not intended to be exhaustive. To make certain that your paper doesn't discriminate anyone, attempt to imagine that you're reading it to the mixed audience of unique genders. After you select the topic, it's now time to find out more about the paper. Yet your essay is going to be written in the identical way, with fidelity to the source. The response to the disturbing question like how to compose a compare and contrast essay starts with the structure of this sort of academic writing. Going through our gender essay samples will provide you insight in your writing. Written-from-scratch customized essay example on the subject of gender inequalities. The introduction is a significant portion of the gender equality essay. The remarkable progress in this subject is just one of the great gender inequality essay topics. There are many everyday scenarios where specific gender stereotypes are found. Remember that your personal experience is quite critical in gender research. Typically, homework help website is the best place to discover suitable the gender equality argumentative essay topics you desire. Sexual orientation is all about attraction. Resume Samples and templates to help you make your own Resume BSR is a group of thousands of unique resumes for assorted job profiles. With the selection of work over family is called the feminist model, that is the priority of a career. In Canada, women are thought of as terrible drivers. In the job place however it's the women on the receiving end in case of deviation. Concerning pain thresholds, it appears that women are somewhat more susceptible and vulnerable. In the end, women are not weaker than men with regard to pain, they just need to deal with more of it. The women are stepping beyond the home. The women on the flip side, will almost ce rtainly receive little attention. In addition, it involve all sort of human being no matter we're a guy or a woman. Furthermore, it will likewise persuade a person to put others down due to their gender or believe that they're not able to do a specific job just since they are either male or female. For quite a while, gender has maintained a substantial influence in the way in which people conduct themselves in the society. For example, the way the adult stereotype the gender will help determine the kids. Gender roles and relations still play a role in perpetuating inequality, and the consequences of gender roles in regard to childhood, family life and on the job. In the current society, it means so much more than it used to. Although it is not as simple as may seem. Thus, the gender doesn't mean anything. Many people believe that gender plays an extremely important part in the society. Playing with what's considered gender appropriate toys is 1 way children start to form their gender identities. Everyone understands gender. There's an overall expectation from both genders on the way in which the other gender should behave. Gender research exists in order to allow you to understand clearly the overall notion of gender. Gender policies are commonly discussed in the current society. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. It's a one-sentence overview of the full text your essay summarizes. Students write much better papers when they have some great examples in front of those. Gender Essay Topics - the Story Instead, you could concentrate on the psychological component of aging in the LGBT community This topic takes on a sociological perspective which provides you a variety of methods to go about doing it. Your essay may revolve around gender issues from different areas of the world such as women rights in the Middle East and so forth. You don't necessarily have to analyze the life span of people from precisely the same region or field of activity. Write about the evolution and passage of Title IX.

African Imperialism And Its Effects On Africa - 1954 Words

Africa became known as the â€Å"dark continent† through the Europeans eyes. Not only from the skin color of its inhabitants but also from the vast lands still undiscovered. Due to the Europeans’ view that Africa had a backward sense, they believed it was their responsibility to help. Conflict arose from the creation of a new society resulting in ethnic feuds and imperialism. European imperialistic powers subjugated Africa to strengthen their own economy. Africa’s rich supply of resources such as a large population had extremely detrimental to its economy. Slavery Sentence. The welfare of Africa’s people weakened rapidly from the poor management of the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and Malaria. Africa is the least developed part of the world, given the impact of European imperialism, slavery, and an inability to deal with major diseases. As the ships of European countries sailed into the coasts of Sub-Saharan Africa the inhabitants did not know that within a few hundred years their ways of living would be changed forever due to imperialism and the combining of cultures. For a period of time Europe believed Africa was backward in a sense of the way the country was being ran could never be successful. â€Å"Evidence from Social Darwinism proved that only the most able would survive so they believed using the ideas of â€Å"white superiority† and â€Å"civilizing missions† would only further develop Africa† (Falola). â€Å"Civilizing missions was the idea that the superior race had the right toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Africa vs European Imperialism841 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ: Imperialism In AfricaAzra Azvar Period 3 2/21/10 Whites vs Blacks In the late 19th and early 20th centuries European imperialism caused its countries to divide up the rest of the world, each country claiming bits as its own. Due to its large amounts of resources, Africa was one of the main areas European nations invaded in the cause if imperialism. In Africa, there were positive and negative effects towards the Africans and the invaders. Some positive effects on Africans were thatRead MoreEuropean Imperialism - Dbq Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesthe history of the world, imperialism has played a major role. Imperialism is one country’s complete domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country. Imperialism has many positive and negative effects. The Age of Imperialism is considered 1800 - 1914. During this time Europe became a major world leader. European countries set up colonies all over Africa, Latin America, and Asia, and encouraged their citizens to populate them. European imperialism boosted Europe’s ec onomyRead MoreImperialism in South Africa1078 Words   |  5 PagesDuring Imperialistic times South Africa was a region of great resources that was greatly disputed over (Ellis). Europe’s main goal during these times was to compete against each other and played a â€Å"game† of which country can imperialize more African countries than the other. Imperialism was a curse to South Africa, because many wars, laws, and deaths were not necessary and would not have happened if South Africa were not imperialized. Imperialism is the domination by one country of political, economicRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On The Domestic Institutions Of Africa Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism, when one country dominates another for its own benefit, is an expansion policy that has reigned for centuries. Over time, imperialism has drastically changed in its magnitude and severity. At the turn of the nineteenth century, a â€Å"new,† more aggressive and competitive form of imperialism emerged and completely dismantled the domestic institutions of various developing countries. Africa in the nineteenth century is a prime example of the â€Å"new† imperialism in effect. How was Africa affectedRead MoreSummary : European Imperialism Dbq1278 Words   |  6 Pages Courtney Sloan 3/4/13 1st European Imperialism DBQ Part A 1. According to the author, the colonies received benefits from the â€Å"modern progressive nations† such as being able to yield tropical produce, receiving foodstuffs and manufactures they need, and having their territory developed by the addition of roads, railways, canals, and telegraphs. They also have theRead More Impact of European Colonialism and Imperialism on African Women1576 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of European Imperialism on African Women      Ã‚  Ã‚   What effect did the European imperialism in Africa have on the women of both continents? And was this effect advantageous or injurious to the women themselves? Judging by the extremely limited amount of information available on the subject, one could conclude probably a very minimal one. However, upon further investigation, one can see that this effect, although ignored by historians, was very profound and real to the women who lived inRead MoreImperialism in the 19th century1746 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat deal of Imperialism in the 19th century, led by mostly westerners from Europe. Imperialism is the act in which one nation extends its rule over another. Imperialism had a substantial effect on the 19th century throughout the entire world by bringing upon changes to many different countries, for better and for worse, especially to Africa. Prior to the nineteenth century, westerners did interfere with many of the affairs of nations outside of their boarders, so signs of imperialism are shown manyRead MoreImpact Of Imperialism On The Middle East, Africa, And Asia1287 Words   |  6 PagesImperialism is defined as a policy of extending a country s power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Countries during the Industrial Revolution wanted to imperialize due to social, political, and economic reasons. As early as the mid 1800’s, the European countries craved the idea of power and conquering new lands in order to obtain resources/raw materials. They took over Africa, the Ottoman Empire, India, and Southeast Asia due to this as well as for their convenient location. TheyRead More Imperialism in Africa Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism in Africa Imperialism is defined as one country’s domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country. In Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, imperialism was present and growing. The main countries involved in the imperialism in Africa were the French, German, and Great Britain. The French’s empire was mainly in North and West Africa while Britain’s colonies were scattered throughout the continent. Germany ruled over such countries as TanganyikaRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad1329 Words   |  5 Pagesinfamous European colony in Africa. This is a story about the protagonist Marlow’s journey to self discovery, and his experiences in Congo. Conrad’s story explores the colonialism period in Africa to demonstrate Marlow’s struggles. Along the way, he faces insanity, death, his fear of failure, and cultural contamination as he makes his was to the inner station. Conrad through the protagonist and antagonist li fe explores European imperialism and its effects to Africans. Marlow is the protagonist in

The Rise Of The Communist Party - 2263 Words

Ever since the Communist Party came to power in 1949 in China, the leader Chairman Mao (Mao Zedong), who believed deeply in manpower, encouraged bigger families with more children. To accomplish this, he abandoned abortions and the use of contraception. His ultimate goal was to increase the labor force and the strength and power of the People s Liberation Army. It was estimated that there was around 540 million people in the country in 1949. However, the number quickly grew into around 940 million in 1979. The number almost doubled in 30 years and quickly approaching to one billion. The new leader Deng Xiaoping who firmly believed â€Å"development is the absolute principle†. Under his leadership, he started to give serious consideration to control the rapid population growth rate. Initially, the Chinese government established a voluntary program in 1978 which suggested that married couples should limit their family size to no more than two children, preferably one child. How ever, the policy quickly developed into a single child per couple because of the large population base. It was not evenly practiced throughout the countrywide due to a lack of supervision force. Slogans such as â€Å"better and fewer births, happiness throughout your whole life† painted on the walls were seen in many villages. The policy was directed in 1979 officially by the central government to limit each family to one child only with some exceptions, however there were still problems with the enforcementShow MoreRelatedThe Rise And Fall Of The Communist Party1530 Words   |  7 PagesTwo men were vital to the rise and fall of the Communist Party in Russia. Their names, which are as synonymous with reform in Russian politics as they are the Communist party and Cold War, are Joseph Stalin and Mikhail Gorbachev. Both, who were born peasants, rose up the social ladder to greatness one wrung at the time. While both were radical political and economic reformers who truly left their marks on history, their policies were antipodal at best. Gorbachev was the frigid water to Stalin’s roaringRead MoreThe Rise Of The Chinese Communist Party1836 Words   |  8 PagesWomen have been considered inferior to men since the beginning of time. The Women in China were perceived no differently. Only in modern times have women’s social conditions begun to improve. The rise of the Chinese Communist Party saw several improvements for women’s rights. Women have been barred from participating in the political processes, banished from the fields and condemned to performing housework and having babies. The CCP viewed women as â€Å"holding up half of the sky† with men holding theRead MoreMao Zedong’s Rise to Power in the Chinese Communist Party944 Words   |  4 PagesMao Zedong’s rise to political power as chairmen of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), was made possible by the failings of the GouMinDan (GMD). After the fall of the Qing dynasty, in 1911, China fell into disarray where warlords had power, rather than a national government. Sun Yat-sen began a nationalist group whose militaristic tacts allowed them to unite china under a singular party, the GMD. Despite many revolutionary promises very little positive changes were made by Chiang Kai-shek, who becameRead MoreEssay about Communist Takeover in Hungary1420 Words   |  6 Pages    â€Å"The Communists Come to Power in Hungary†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hungary is located in what is considered central Europe with its capital city, Budapest, lying towards the northern part of the country. Contemporary Hungarian history is marked with two periods of totalitarian rule. In the years of 1939-1945 Hungary was subjected to Nazi occupation and the rise of Hungary’s own fascist party, the Arrow Cross party. Through 1944-1950 Hungary was liberated by the Red Army and the rise of communism beganRead More Communism In The Soviet Union And Why It Failed Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pages1917 the rise of power in the Marxist-inspired Bolsheviks in Russia along with the consolidation of power by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, the word communism came to mean a totalitarian system controlled by a single political party. This came to justify that the means of production is controlled and the wealth is distributed with the goal of producing a classless or possibly a stateless society. The ideological meaning of communism arose in 1848 with the publication of the Communist ManifestoRead MoreCommunism in the Soviet Union and Why It Failed1561 Words   |  7 Pages1917 the rise of power in the Marxist-inspired Bolsheviks in Russia along with the consolidation of power by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, the word communism came to mean a totalitarian system controlled by a single political party. This came to justify that the means of production is controlled and the wealth is distributed with the goal of producing a classless or possibly a stateless society. The ideological meaning of communism arose in 1848 with the publication of the Communist ManifestoRead MoreThe Suez Canal Crisis of 1956648 Words   |  3 PagesClearly, this period was marked by political instability of which the communists sought to take advantage of. In 1954, Khalid Bakdash won a seat in parliament as the first communist elected to an Arab parliament. The Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 strengthened the communist influence in Syria after signing a pack with the Soviet Union in exchange for military equipment. Soviet support to Syria was part of the greater strategic battle playing out in the Middle East between the Western and Eastern blocsRead MoreCommunism And Its Impact On The World1583 Words   |  7 Pagesof countries in the entire world, having originated in Russia. The first official communist state was founded during the Russian revolutions in 1917, due to the inaugural communist political party ‘Bolsheviks’ gaining primal power. Afterwards, the influence of communism spread to other countries with the lik es of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and East Germany to name a few. These countries that were governed on communist principles were known as the ‘Eastern Bloc’. Even countries in Asia were persuadedRead MoreGermans Into Nazis by Peter Fritzsche Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagestheir failure to fulfil communist revolutionary prophecy. They were also perceived by the Right Wing as those who betrayed Germany by accepting the terms in the Treaty of Versailles. After Germany’s defeat in WWI the nations sentiment was becoming increasingly nationalistic; the people were looking for a leader who would promise economic recovery as well as a restoration of German pride. Hitler and his national socialist party were, in many German opinions, the hard lined party who would deliver suchRead MoreChina Relations DBQ Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesand circa 1950, the relations between the Chinese peasants and the Chinese Communist Party became out of hand due to the peasant rebellions/u prising groups present, the tension between Japan and the communist party, and most notable the mass reform during this time period. In 1927 the rising leader of the Chinese Communist party was acknowledging that soon the upsurge of peasant rebellion was soon, and that will soon rise up and overpower the wealthy landowning class. (DOC 1). In 1941 a Japanese

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard free essay sample

Era, Thomas Gray expresses the beauty of life and conveys the themes of death and self-search in his pastoral elegy, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. The poem was written at the end of the Augustan Age and at the beginning of the Romantic Period, where both periods are evident in the poem. Gray combined in a unique way a classic form typical of the Augustan Era with contents and attitudes portrayed from the Romantic Period (Gray, Thomas). On one hand, it has the rdered, balanced phrasing and rotational sentimental of Neoclassical poetry. On the other hand, it tends toward the emotionalism and individualism of the Romantic poets; most importantly, it idealizes and elevates the common man. (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 73). His poem focuses on common people and really describes their lives and ponders on the things they could have accomplished if they were given the chance to do greater things. He also uses georgic verses, poetry that describes agriculture, which was popular in the eighteenth century. Gray also ssociates man and nature, which suggests a romantic attitude (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 78). He is able to combine both the Augustan Era and Romantic Period into his poem, making it unique and different from others. This poem was written in heroic quatrains, which consists of four lines per stanza. Heroic quatrains have a rhyme scheme of abab pattern and are written in iambic pentameter. Its regular, steady rhythm helps create a tranquil and quite mood, which is appropriate to the pondering nature of this poem (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard). Gray sets his lyrics in the comforts of nature and selects mild images a knell, fading, drowsiness, and moping rather than the extremes of gothic horror. (Snodgrass, Mary Ellen). The poem begins with an observation of a country day coming to an end and farmers returning home. The first line of the poem sets a solemn tone that makes the mood of the poem gloomy, which can lead to the description of the graveyard and the pondering of the speaker. The speaker considers the pleasures that the dead will no longer enjoy and invoke the idea that everyone dies eventually. Earthly matters once aluable will no longer matter when a person is dead. He tries to persuade the reader not to look down on the poor because of their simple accomplishment have accomplished a lot. The speaker is wondering if someone will remember him when he is dead. He imagines an old farmer remembering him after his death and describes what the old man would say about him. (The speaker wonders if someone will remember his when he is dead and imagines what an old farmer would say about him and finish it somehow)The last three stanzas of the poem are the speakers epitaph. In his epitaph, he asks anyone that passes his grave to be emembered for being generous and sincere rather than wealthy and famous. The speaker wishes to be recognized not with the great and famous, but with the common people he has praised in his poem (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard). Grays poem is reflective towards the questions of life and death and shows sympathy for the underclass society. He uses syntax, diction, and organization to express the tone of beauty and equality in humanity. With syntax, which is the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence, Gray creates multiple meanings in a line and truly expresses the beauty and equality of life and death. One type of syntax that he uses is repetition, in which he places emphasis on the simple Joys and beauty of life that the common people enjoy by reusing common ideas throughout the poem. For example, Gray uses repetition to describe a beautiful morning, The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn, The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed, The cocks shrill clarion, or the echoing horn, No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. (Gray, Thomas 17-20). He illustrates the beauty of life and to get the point across that life is precious because humans are mortal. Gray also uses rhetorical devices such as alliteration, personification, paradox, and allusion to get his message to his readers. He makes the poem more interesting and draws the reader into the poem. An example of personification would be in lin e 44, Or Flattery sooth the dull cold ear of Death? Here Gray uses the words flattery and death to personify death having a will or mind of its own. By personifying death, Gray is trying to explain that death can come and take a persons life away at any moment. In the poem, Gray also uses paradox to suggest that the troubles and worries of life re more enjoyable when he compares them to death. The pleasing anxious being in line 86 means that Just living can be anxious, and filled with tons of worries, but being alive is pleasing compared to death (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 78). In addition, he alludes three famous and powerful people in order to compare them to those who are buried in the churchyard. Some village-Hampden, that with dauntless beast/The little Tyrant of his fields withstood/ Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest/ Some Cromwell guiltless of his countrys blood, (Gray, Thomas 57-60). John Hampden is a parliamentary leader who defended the people against the abuse of Charles l, John Milton is a great poet who wrote Paradise Lost, and Oliver Cromwell is the Lord Protector of England from 1653 to 1658. T he allusion to the three illustrious men suggests that those who were buried in the churchyard could have opportunity to become someone great (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 78). Alliteration was also used to emphasis imagery, such as solemn silence in line 6 and sturdy stroke in line 28. Gray also uses a series of analogies to examine the talents of the poor. For example in like 53-56, Full many a gem of purest ray serene/ The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear/ Full many a flower is born to blush unseen/ And waste its sweetness on the desert air. He compares the talents of the poor to hidden gems in the ocean and to flowers blooming in the desert. The analogies he uses here express beauty, while still getting his point across to the reader. Gray is suggesting that the uneducated talents of the poor are a waste because they remain unused and undeveloped, but their talents are still present (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 78). Gray is reflective over death, which is the only thing that makes all men equal and reminds the reader about human mortality. In the poem, he ponders over the dead and thinks about how they will no longer be able to enjoy the pleasures of working in the fields each day and seeing their loved ones (EXPLORING Poetry). By comparing these common people to those of high status, he sympathizes with the fact that they did not have the chance to become great, but he still praises the simple lives that they lived. The common people live a steady simple, but meaningful life even if they id not get to accomplish great things (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 78). Gray also reminds the reader that these common people are long dead, but suggests that they deserve homage and tribute even if they are not famous and powerful (Poetry for Students). There are two main themes expressed in this poem, one of them being death. Out of sympathy with the universal terror of death, he elevates humankind with a serene melancholy at common place losses and disappointments from lives cut short. (Snodgrass, Mary Ellen). Gray uses the poem to compare death with sleep to make death seem less horrifying. Death is presented in a better way in this poem; instead of it seeming like the worst thing that could happen the speaker talks about the dead peoples family loving them and how they were cheerful at work when they were alive. He establishes a theme of mortality and reminds the reader that everyone dies eventually and nothing can be done to prevent death from occurring. The graveyard acts as a memento mort, which in Latin means Remember that you must die (EXPLORING Poetry). In death, there is no difference between great and common people. Gray conveys the message that in the end no matter if you are rich, oor, famous, or well known that all men will become equal through death. Another theme that is expressed in this poem is self-search. Gray conveys that attributes normally considered important and desirable in life are now pointless and useless when compared to the lives of the dead. According to the speaker Ambition should not think of the common people in the grave any less because their accomplishments are not as grand as others. He also states that Pride and Memory they are dead (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 81). Gray uses personification on these attributes to emphasis his point.

Advertisement Advertising Effectiveness Advertising free essay sample

This proposal has been presented for examination with my approval as a supervisor officially appointed by Edgerton University. Mr.. Cache Department of Literature, Languages and Linguistics Abstract Advertising has played a major role in consumer marketing, and has enabled companies to meet communication and other marketing objectives. Typically, advertising is used to inform, persuade, and remind consumers. It importantly reinforces their attitudes and perceptions. Advertising has been a target of criticism for decades. Advertising has been hailed as a capitalistic virtue, an engine of free market economy, and a promoter of consumer elf.Advertising may be defined as the process of buying sponsor-identified media space or time in order to promote a product or an idea. The American Marketing Association, Chicago, has defined advertising as any form of non-personal presentation or promotion of ideas, goods or services, by an identified sponsor. 1. 2 Statement of the problem The importance of this study is to bring in to focus the positive and negative effects of the process of advertising among the consumer nation. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisement: Advertising Effectiveness Advertising or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Generally, advertising is a relatively low-cost method of conveying selling messages to numerous prospective customers.It can secure leads for salesmen and middlemen by convincing readers to request more information and by identifying outlets handling the product. It can force middlemen to stock the product by building consumer interest. It can help train dealers salesmen in product uses and applications. It can build dealer and consumer confidence in the company and its products by building familiarity. 1. 3 Objectives The objectives of this study will be to: 1. Determine the degree to which advertising impacts to the consumers. 2. Establish aspects of the advertising sector. 3. Determine the effects of advertising (both positive and negative). . 4 Research Questions The research questions of this study will be: * What advertising is * What is included in an advertisement * What is excluded in an advertisement * Objectives of advertising * Positive effects of advertisements * Negative effects of advertisements 1. 5 Significance of the study The study will be significant in highlighting the effects of advertising on the society 1. 6 Scope Of the study The study on the effectiveness of advertising on the consumer behavior in the society in relation to the positive and negative effects will be conducted inEdgerton university Nassau Town Campus, along Nassau-Older Highway in Nassau County. The researcher will mostly focus on the students who are aged between 20 and 25 years of age. 1. 7 Limitations of the study A small budget and time constraints limited the researcher to a smaller geographical area. 1. 8 Definition of Terms Advertisement is a mass communicating of information intended to persuade buyers to buy products with a view to maximizing a companys profits. CHAPTER 2 2. 1 Literature Review All advertising efforts are directed mainly towards the achievement of business, marketing and advertising objectives I. , to increase the sales turnover and thus to market the maximum profit. The advertiser spends lots of money into this advertising activity. In the background of all these efforts, is an attempt to attract the customer towards the product through advertising. As soon as the advertising campaign is over, a need is generally arisen to measure the effectiveness of the campaign. Whether, it has achieved the desired results I. E. Desired sales profitability or results in terms the change in customer behavior in favor of the companys product which will naturally, affect the future sale of the product.In order to measure the effectiveness of advertising copy, two types of tests pre tests and post tests- can be undertaken. Pre tests are generally conducted in the beginning of the creation process or at the end of creation process or production stage. There are several pre and post tests techniques to measure the effectiveness of the advertising copy. The effectiveness of advertising in a particular media may also be measured in any of the following ways (a) By giving different addresses to different media, (b) Different newspapers may be selected for advertisements of different apartments, (c) Coupon blank etc. May be provided with the advertisement or (d) Enquiry from consumers should mention the name of the source of information. The technique is known as keying the advertising. Thus in measuring the effectiveness of advertising we include measuring of the effectiveness of advertising campaign, advertising copy and the effectiveness of individual media. 2. 2 Theoretical Framework METHODS OF MEASURING ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS Advertising is aimed at improving the sales volume of a concern so its effectiveness can be evaluated by its impact on sales.Most Of the managers live that the advertisement directly affects the sales volume and hence they evaluate the effectiveness of the advertising campaign by the increase in the sales volume. There may be two types measures (I) Direct measures: and (ii) Indirect measures:- (1) Direct Measures of Advertising Effectiveness Under direct measures, a relationship between advertising and sales is established. A comparison of sales of two periods or two periods or two markets may be done and the corresponding changes may be noted. The following are some of the methods that are generally used in measuring that advertising effects. ) Historical Sales Method Some insights into the effectiveness of past advertising may be obtained by measuring the relationship between the advertising expenditure and the total sales of the product. A multiple regression analysis of advertising expenditure and sales over several time periods may be calculated. It would show how the changes in advertising expenditure have corresponding changes in sales volume. This technique estimates the contribution that advertising has made to explaining in a co relational manner rather than a casual sales, the variation in sales over the time periods covered in the study (b) ExperimentalControl The other measure of advertising effectiveness is the method of experimental control where a casual relationship between advertising and sales is established. This method is quite expensive when related to other advertising effectiveness measures yet it is possible to isolate advertising contribution to sales. Moreover this can be done as a pre-test to aid advertising in choosing between alternative creative designs. Media schedules expenditure levels or some combination of these advertising decision areas.One experimental approach to measuring the sales effectiveness of advertising is test racketing. (I) Before-after with Control Group Design This classic design uses several test and control cities in this design two types of cities are selected. Cities in which advertising campaigns are affected may be named as test cities and other cities may be called central cities. First of all, the normal sales level is calculated for both type of cities prior to advertising campaign, and then the advertising campaign is presented to the test cities and not the central cities.The effect of advertising campaign, can then, be measured by subtracting the amount of post campaign figure of sale from the re campaign sale figures in test cities (ii) Multivariate Experimental Designs While the experimental design discussed above yields a reasonably accurate estimate of the effects of the advertising on sales, it is not successful in explaining the success or failure of the campaign itself. Multivariate designs Produce these explanations and are, therefore used by some very large firm because of their diagnostic value. The power of this multivariate factorial design is explained by G.H. Brown, former Fords Director of Marketing Research. For any single medium, eight possible geographic areas have been exposed and eight have not been exposed. Thus, in this experimental model it is possible to evaluate how each individual medium behaves alone and in all possible to evaluate how each individual medium behaves alone and in all possible combinations with other media. (2) Indirect Measures As it is very difficult to measure the direct effect of advertising on companys profits or sales, most firms rely heavily on indirect measures. These measures do not evaluate the effects of advertisements directing on sales or profits but all other factors such as customer awareness or attitude or customer recall of advertising message affect the sales or profits or goals of the business indirectly. Despite the uncertainties about the relationship between the intermediate effects of advertising and the ultimate results, there is no other alternative but to use indirect measures. The most commonly used measures are (I) Exposure to Advertisement In order to be effective, the advertisement must gain exposure.The management is concerned about the number of target audiences who see or hear the organization message set in the advertisement. Without exposure, advertisement is bound to failure. Marketers or advertisers may obtain an dead of exposure generated by the medium by examining its circulation or audience data which reveal the number of copies of the magazine, newspaper or journal sold the number of persons passing the bill boards or riding in transit facilities, or the number of persons living in the televising or radio listening area, and the number of persons switching on their T. V. ND radio sets at various points of time. This number can be estimated by interviewing the numbers of the audience for different media. (ii) Attention or Recall of Advertising Message Content This is one of the widely used measures of advertising results. Under this measure, a recall of the message content among a specified group or groups or prospective customers is measured within 24 hours of the exposure of the advertisement. Attention value is the chief quality of the advertising copy the advertisements cannot be said to be effective unless they attract the attention of the target consumers.There are two methods for evaluating the attention getting value of the advertisements. One is pre-test and the other is post-test. In a pre-test evaluation, the consumers are asked to indicate the extent to which they recognize or recall the advertisement, they have already en. This test is conducted in the laboratory setting. Here consumers read, hear or listen to the advertisement and then researchers ask question regarding the advertisement just to test the recall and then evaluate it.In post-test method, the consumers are asked questions about the indication of recognition or recall after the advertisement has been run. These measures assume that customers can recall or recognize what they have viewed or listened to. Various mechanical devices are being used in the western countries which provide indices of attention such as eye-camera etc. (iii) Brand Awareness The marketers who rely heavily on advertising often appraise its effectiveness by measuring the customers awareness about the particular product or brand. The assumption of this type of measure is that there is a direct relationship between the advertisements and the awareness. This type of measure is also subject to the same criticisms as is applicable to direct measures of effectiveness (sales measures because awareness is also not the direct result of the advertisements. It is also affected by many other factors. But, for new products, changes in awareness can often be attributed to the influence of advertising. (iv) Comprehension Consumers generally use advertisements as a means of obtaining information about the product, brand or the manufacturer.They cannot be informed unless they comprehend the message (grasp the message mentally and understand it fully). Various tests for valuating comprehension are available One is recall tests an indicator of comprehension because it is evident that consumers recall what they comprehend. Another measure of the variable is to ask questions about subjects how much they have comprehended a message they have recently heard or seen. One may employ somewhat imprecise test of the comprehension of a newspaper and radio advertisement.One may ask typical target consumers from time to time such questions like what did you think of our new commercial? And Did it get the message across? The answers of these questions will provide sufficient insight into advertising decision making. (v) Attitude Change Since advertising is considered to be one way of influencing the state of the mind of the audience towards a product, service or organization, the results are very often measured in terms of attitudes among groups exposed to advertising communication.Several measures are used ranging from asking the questions about willingness to buy the likelihood of buying to the measurement of the extent to which specific attributes (such as modern or new) are associated with a product. (vi) Act ion One objective of advertisement may be assumed to be to stimulate action or behavior. The action or intention to take an action may be measured on the intention to buy measuring instrument. Under this type of measure, consumers are asked to respond why they are interested in purchasing the product or brand. One type of action that advertisers attempt to induce is eying behavior.

Making Sodium Silicate or Water Glass

Making Sodium Silicate or Water Glass You can prepare sodium silicate or water glass from gel beads (silica) and drain cleaner (sodium hydroxide). Sodium silicate can be used to make chemical gardens, like those that result from Magic Rocks, which you can make yourself. Sodium Silicate Materials All you need to make a sodium silicate solution are water, silica, and sodium hydroxide. Silica comes in those little packets labeled Do not eat that you find with electronics, shoes, and other products. Sodium hydroxide is readily available in its pure form or can be found as drain cleaner. 6 g silica gel beads (crushed)4-8 g sodium hydroxide (4 g for water glass, used in the Magic Rock project, or 8 g for the stoichiometric ratio for sodium silicate)10 mL water Prepare Sodium Silicate Wear proper safety gear, which includes gloves.Heat 4 to 8 grams of sodium hydroxide in 10 milliliters of water.Once the sodium hydroxide is dissolved, slowly add 6 grams of crushed silica gel beads. Heat the solution between additions. If the crushed beads wont dissolve, add a little more water to the solution.You now have sodium silicate or water glass. NurdRage has a YouTube video of this procedure if youre interested in seeing how its done.

Person-centred counselling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Person-centred counselling - Essay Example   One of the most important principles of person-centred counselling is the presentation of the client as the expert (Arnason 2001, 299).   It aims to help the client to explore, express, and understand his own emotions.   It is believed that the client is able to understand what he feels as well as why he feels so.   Person-centred approach is based on the technologies of the self – the ones that permit the individual to effect by their own means or with the help of the other a certain number of operations in their own bodies, souls, thoughts and way of being.   This type of counselling helps individuals to transform themselves in order to become happy, pure, wise and perfect.     It should be added that person-centred approach to counselling places the great value on self-reliance and self-respect, individual initiative and responsibility (Arnason 2001, 299).   Similar to other types of counselling, person-centred approach requires that dialogues between the client and counsellor should be varied in pace and style within sessions.   There may be long periods of silences as well as lots of story telling from the client (Schapira 2000, 54).   In any case, the counsellors give the clients the opportunity to tell about their troubles and worried without any pressure.   Such relations help to establish the mutual trust and encourage the client to speak openly and voluntary.     Carl Rogers, as the founder of person-centred approach, felt no need to devise theories – trying to fit to the theory meant for him.... In any case, the counsellors give the clients the opportunity to tell about their troubles and worried without any pressure. Such relations help to establish the mutual trust and encourage the client to speak openly and voluntary. Carl Rogers, as the founder of person-centred approach, felt no need to devise theories - trying to fit to the theory meant for him that the experiences and perceptions of the client were ignored (Mytton 1999, 66). Person-centred therapy is the humanistic approach and instead of the focusing on the childhood origins of the client's problems, it is focused on the present experiences. Most of the underlining concepts of person-centred approach are the result of Rogers' childhood experiences: he was brought up to believe that human nature was corrupt and worthless. From this pessimistic view of the world, he has managed to develop the positive theory of personality. Similar to the plants who have the innate tendency to grow from the seed to their full potential, person-centred approach in relation to humans calls this approach the actualizing tendency. Actualizing tendency is the drive which continues throughout the life as humans move towards the fulfilment of all that is possible for them to achieve. Actualization for humans is more than mere physical growth and survival, it includes the reduction and satisfaction of psychological needs, the desire for live and safety, the drive to learn and be creative. Moreover, Rogers believed that actualizing tendency was the only motive needed to account for all human behaviour. The human world consists of memories, sensations, perceptions and meanings that are available to consciousness - internal frame